Corneal ulcer

Corneal ulcer : Symptoms, causes & treatment

Corneal ulcer We have described in article : Definition of corneal ulcer Symptoms of corneal ulcer Causes of corneal ulcer Investigations of corneal ulcer Treatment of corneal ulcer Complication of corneal ulcer Definition of...

Myopia

Myopia : Define, symptoms & treatment

Myopia Definition of myopia Symptoms of myopia Classification of myopia Treatment of myopia Progressive myopia complications of pathological myopia Definition of myopia : Definition : Myopia also known as ‘short sight’ is that dioptric...

Middle ear

Middle ear : Anatomy, features & function

Middle ear Anatomy of middle ear Content of middle ear cavity Middle wall of middle ear cavity Functions of middle ear Describe inner ear Development of middle ear : Tympanic cavity and eustachian tube...

Meniere’s disease

Meniere’s disease : symptoms, syndrome & treatment

Meniere’s disease Definition of Meniere’s disease Meniere’s syndrome Symptoms of Meniere’s disease Treatment of Meniere’s disease Pathology of Meniere’s disease Aeitology of Meniere’s disease Definition of menere’s disease :  Synonyms : Endolymphatic hydrops. Definition...

Nasal polyps

Nasal polyps : Define, types, symptoms & treatment

Nasal polyps We have described in article : Define,aetiology & types of nasal polyps Antrochoanal nasal polyp symptoms & treatment Ethmoidal nasal polyp symptoms & treatment Advice during discharge of a patient following ethimoidal...

Mastoidectomy

Mastoidectomy : types, indications & complications

Mastoidectomy We have described in article : Define & types of mastoidectomy Indications of mastoidectomy Definition & indications of cortical mastoidectomy Definition & indication of modified redical mastoidectomy Definition & indication of modified redical...

Atrophic rhinitis

Atrophic rhinitis : Causes, symptoms & treatment

Atrophic rhinitis We have described in article : Define & types of atrophic rhinitis Symptoms of atrophic rhinitis Causes of atrophic rhinitis Investigations of atrophic rhinitis Treatment of atrophic rhinitis Pathology of atrophic rhinitis...

Sinusitis

Sinusitis : Acute sinusitis & chronic sinusitis

Sinusitis We have described in article : Definition of sinusitis Classification of rhinosinusitis Management of acute sinusitis Management of chronic sinusitis Complications of sinusitis Definition of sinusitis : Sinusitis : It is an inflammation...

Acute tonsilitis

Acute tonsilitis & chronic tonsilitis

Acute tonsillitis & chronic tonsillitis We have described in article : Classification of tonsillitis Management of acute tonsillitis Management of chronic tonsillitis Malignant tumours of tonsil Anatomy of the tonsil Classification of tonsillitis :...

Goitre

Goitre : definition, Symptoms, treatment & thyroid

Goitre We have described in article : Definition of goitre Classification of goitre. Definition of simple goitre Causes of simple goitre Stages of multinodular goitre Treatment of simple goitre Management of simple goitre Definition...

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism & thyrotoxicosis

Hyperthyroidism & Thyrotoxicosis We have described in article : Define and causes of hyperthyroidism Define and causes of Thyrotoxicosis Symptoms of hyperthyroidism / thyrotoxicosis Investigations of hyperthyroidism /Thyrotoxicosis Treatment of hyperthyroidism Indications surgery in...

Tonsillectomy

Tonsillectomy : indication, procedure & tonsil removal

Tonsillectomy We have described in article : Indication of tonsillectomy Procedure of tonsillectomy Post-operative order of tonsillectomy operation Complications of tonsillectomy operations Types of haemorrhage after tonsillectomy Management of reactionary haemorrhage after tonsillectomy Indications...

Vaginal examination

vaginal examination : Define, indications & steps

Vaginal examination We have described in article : Definition of vaginal examination Indications of vaginal examination pre – requisites for vaginal examination Steps of vaginal examination Define Vaginal examination / per speculum examination : ...

Doctor patient relationship

Doctor patient relationship

Doctor patient relationship We have described in article : Role of doctor in the society Define doctor patient relationship Role of a doctor in developing doctor – patient relationship Role of a patient in...

Housing

Housing : Definition, Criteria & functions

Housing We have described in article : Definition of housing Criteria of healthful housing Effect of poor housing Functions of housing Definition of Housing : Housing : A WHO expert Group defined housing as...

Demography

Demography : definition, sources, stages & cycle

Demography We have described in article : Definition of demography Uses of demography Sources of demography Demographic cycle stages of demographic cycle Demographic process Definition of Demography :  Demography : Demography is the scientific...

polio vaccine

polio vaccine : Mechanism & advantages

Polio vaccine We have described in article : Types of polio vaccine Mechanism of oral polio vaccine Advantages of oral polio vaccine Complication of oral polio vaccine Contraindication of oral polio vaccine Favouring points...

Anthrax

Anthrax : Definition, symptoms & treatment

Anthrax We have described in article : Definition of anthrax Symptoms of anthrax Investigations of anthrax Treatment of anthrax Control measures of anthrax Epidemiology of anthrax Definition of anthrax : Anthrax  : Anthrax is...

Myomectomy

myomectomy : definition, indications & complication

Myomectomy We have described in article : Definition of myomectomy Indications of myomectomy Counselling of a patient before myomectomy prerequisites that should be fulfilled before myomectomy Complications of myomectomy Definition of myomectomy : Myomectomy...

Puberty

Puberty : signs, male & female physical changes

Puberty We have described in article : Definition of puberty Clinical signs of puberty Male physical & physiological changes in puberty Female physical & physiological changes in puberty Abnormalities of puberty Definition of precocious...

Vaginal hysterectomy

Vaginal hysterectomy

Hysterectomy We have described in article : Indications of hysterectomy Types of hysterectomy pre operative order for hysterectomy Advantages of vaginal hysterectomy Management of hysterectomy complications of hysterectomy Disadvantages of hysterectomy LAVH : LAVH...

Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy : Indications, advantages & diagnostic

Laparoscopy We have described in article : Definition of laparoscopy Indications of laparoscopy Advantages of laparoscopy Disadvantages of laparoscopy Contraindications of laparoscopy Complications of laparoscopy Definition of Laparoscopy : Laparoscopy : Laparoscopy is a...

Vaginal itching

Management of vaginal itching

Vaginal itching Diagnosis of Vaginal itching Treatment of vaginal itching. Causes of Vaginal itching Causes of vaginal itching :  Pruritus associated with vaginal discharge :  Trichomonas vaginalis. Candida albicans. Pruritus without vaginal discharge : ...

Plague

Plague : Definition, plague doctor & prevention

Plague We have described in article : Definition of Plague Classification of Plague Transmission of Plague Black death Prevention and control of Plague epidemic Definition of  plague, wild plague, domestic plague : Define Plague...

Rheumatic fever

Rheumatic fever – Rheumatic heart disease

Rheumatic fever We have described in article : Define Rheumatic fever Consequences of Rheumatic heart disease Symptoms of acute Rheumatic fever Prevention of rheumatic heart disease Epidemiological features of rheumatic fever Definition of Rheumatic...

Cancer

Cancer : warning signs, causes & prevention

Cancer We have described in article : Definition of cancer Major categories of cancer Warning signs of cancer Causes of cancer cancer emergencies Common cancer in male & female Agent factor in developing cancer...

International health agencies

Name the 24 International health agencies list

International Health Agencies We have described in article : United Nation Agencies Bilateral Agencies Non – government & other Agencies International Health Agencies can be classified as follows: A) United Nation Agencies : World...

Family

Family : Definition, types & functions

Family We have described in article : Define family Types of family Disadvantages of nuclear family Functions of family relevent health. Definition of family :  Family : The family is a primary unit in...

Learning

learning : Define, Conditions and theories.

Learning We have described in article : Definition of learning Types of learning Theories of learning Principal of learning Domains of of learning Definition of learning :  Define : Learning is any relative permanent...

whooping cough

whooping cough symptoms, vaccine & treatment

Whooping cough We have described in article : Define Pertussis / Whooping cough Symptoms of Whooping cough Investigations of Whooping cough Treatment of Whooping cough Epidemiology Whooping cough Complication whooping cough Control & prevention...

Diptheria

Diphtheria : Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Diptheria We have described in article : Define diptheria Types of diptheria Causes definition of diptheria Symptoms of diptheria Epidemiology of diptheria Investigations of diptheria Treatment of diptheria Control & prevention of diptheria Define...

sterilization and autoclave

Sterilization and autoclave

Sterilization and autoclave We have described in article : Define Sterilization Method of Sterilization Importance of Sterilization How to prevent post operative infection by Sterilization Define Autoclave Principal of Autoclave Autoclave mechanism of action...

Hospital

Hospital function and classification

Hospital administration We have described in article : Define hospital Functions of hospital Classifications of hospital Services delevered by hospital Primary health care in hospital Duties of UHFPO hospital Define Hospital :  Define :...

Basic human needs and hygiene

Basic human needs and hygiene

Basic Human Needs : The basic human needs are: Food Cloth Residence Education Medical Support. Implementation of equitable distribution of health resources (Basic human needs) :  Health care should be equitably distributed. That means...

health education

health education define and stages

Health Education Definition: Health education like general education is concerned with the change in knowledge feeling and behavior of people. We have described in article : Aim and object of health education Stages of...

food poisoning

food poisoning symptoms, cause and treatment

Food poisoning Definition: Food poisoning is an acute gastro-enteritis caused by ingestion of food or drink contaminated with either living bacteria or their toxins of inorganic chemical substances and poisons derived from plants and...

Meningitis

Meningitis symptoms, cause and meningitis treatment

Meningitis Definition of meningitis:  Inflammation of the meninges over-lying the brain and spinal cord. We have described in article : Causes of meningitis Symptoms of meningitis Investigations of meningitis Treatment of meningitis Complication of...

Hypertension.

Causes and Management of hypertension

Hypertension Define hypertension : Persistent rise of blood pressure above the upper limit of normal level according to the age and sex of the patient. We have described in article : Causes of hypertension...

Heart Failure

How to manage Heart Failure

Heart failure Heart failure: Heart failure is defined as a state in which heart cannot deliver an adequate cardiac output to meet the metabolic need of the body. We have described in article :...

Nutrition

Describe the Nutrition Source.

The Nutrition Source is an online resource from Harvard School of Public Health that provides evidence-based nutrition information and advice. The site includes a variety of resources on topics such as healthy eating, weight...

Herbalife Nutrition

Describe Herbalife Nutrition

Herbalife Nutrition is a global company that provides products and services to help people live healthier lives. The company’s product line includes weight-management, nutrition, and personal-care products. Herbalife Nutrition also offers a variety of...

Balance diet

Describe How to Obserbe Blance Diet

What is Balanced Diet? A balanced diet is one that provides the body with the nutrients it needs to function properly. This includes a variety of different foods from each of the food groups,...

RH INCOMPATIBILITY

How to manage a case of Rh incompatibility

RH INCOMPATIBILITY Clinical manifestations of Rh incompatibility. Investigations of Rh incompatibility. Treatment of Rh incompatibility. Rh incompatibility Hemolytic anaemia occuring in the new born due to transplacental transfer of fetus to maternal antibodies (Igc)...

Weaning

Baby led weaning

Weaning Complementary weaning/feeding importance of Complementary weaning Properties of good Complementary foods Principal of Complementary weaning Responsive Weaning Technique of Responsive Weaning Complementary  feeding/weaning:   It means giving other foods in addition to breast...

Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS)

Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS).

Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS). Clinical features of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS). Investigation of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS). Treatment of Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS). Other name:  Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Aetiology :This develops 1-4 weeks...

Testes

Testes

Testes Descent of testis: The testes develop retroperitoneally in the lumbar region from the genital ridge. During its descent, the testis is preceded by a fold of peritoneum (processus vaginalis) which projects into the...

Inguinal hernia

Inguinal hernia

Inguinal hernia We have described in article : Classification of inguinal hernia Examination of ingunio – scrotal swelling. Symptoms and signs of inguinal hernia Treatment of indirect inguinal hernia Factors responsible for recurrent inguinal...

Hernia

Hernia

Hernia Definition : Hernia may be defined as protrusion of a viscus or part of a viscus through an abnormal opening in the walls of its containing cavity. We have described in article :...

Ascites

Ascites

Ascites Define :  Ascites refers to the excessive accumulation of free fluid in the peritoneal cavity. We have described in article : Causes of Ascites Management of ascites clinical examination of Ascites Investigations of...

Carcinoma stomach

Carcinoma stomach

Carcinoma stomach We have described in article : Management of carcinoma stomach Clinical features of carcinoma stomach Investigation of carcinoma stomach Treatment of carcinoma stomach Clinical features of carcinoma stomach: 1) Early gastric cancer...

Autoimmunity and auto immune disease

Autoimmunity and Autoimmune disease.

Autoimmunity and Autoimmune disease. Define Autoimmunity : Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an individual against his/her own healthy cells and tissues. We have described in article : Autoimmune disease name Factors...

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis Definition : Tuberculosis is a chronic communicable, granulomatous disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. We have described in article : Organisms responsible for tuberculosis Management of pulmonary tuberculosis Complications of pulmonary tuberculosis Management of...

Pulse

Pulse

Pulse Definition : Pulse means the expansion and elongation of arterial walls passively produced by the pressure changes in the arteries during systole and diastole of ventricle. We have described in article : Characteristics...

Edema

Edema

Edema Definition : Edema signifies increased fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces and body cavities. We have described in article : Common Causes of Edema Common Causes of leg swelling / Edema How will...

Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis Definition :  Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, usually associated with infection of the appendix. We have described in article : Types of appendicitis: Symptoms and signs of appendicitis: Investigations of appendicitis: Treatment of...

Abdominal Pain

Abdominal Pain

Abdominal Pain We have described in article : Causes of Abdominal pain Diagnosis of Abdominal pain Clinical examination of Abdominal pain. Investigation of Abdominal pain Managementof Abdominal pain. Causes of pain in the abdomen:...

Malnutrition

Malnutrition

Malnutrition Definition:  Malnutrition is an impairment of health resulting from a deficiency, excess or imbalance of nutrients. We have described in article : Common nutritional disorders Severe Malnutrition Classify acute Malnutrition Protein Energy Malnutrition...

Anemia

Anemia

Anemia Definition :  Anemia refers to a state in which the level of haemoglobin in the blood is below appropriate for age and sex. We have described in article : Classification of Anemia Common...

Tetanus

Tetanus

Tetanus Definition :  Tetanus is a wound infection caused by clostridium tetani, occurring usually in deep, contused, soil contaminated injuries infected with pyogenic organism and containing foreign bodies. We have described in article :...

Skin Rash

Skin Rash

Skin rash Define :  A skin rash is an abnormal change in the color or texture of the skin. Rashes can vary in appearance and may be limited to a small area or cover...

Fever.

Causes and diagnosis of Fever

Fever Definition :  A fever or pyrexia is a rise in internal body temperature to levels that are considered to be above normal.  Average body temperature is about 98.6 C degree or 37°C and...

Twin Pregnancy.

Twin Pregnancy

Twin Pregnancy Definition: When two fetus simultaneously develops in the uterus, is called twin pregnancy We have described : Classification of twin pregnancy Diagnosis of twin pregnancy Symptoms and Signs of twin pregnancy Abdominal...

Diagnosis of pregnancy

Diagnosis of pregnancy

Diagnosis of pregnancy Define pregnancy : The state of carrying a developing embryo or fetus within the female body. This condition can be indicated by positive results on an over – the counter urine...

Women Breast feeding

Women Breast feeding

Breast feeding Define exclusive breast feeding : Giving baby only milk, not even a drop of water or other foods till 6 months of age  is called exclusive breast feeding. We have described :...

Infertility

Male and female Infertility

Infertility Define : Infertility is defined as a failure to conceive within one or more years or regular unprotected coitus. We have described : Causes of infertility in male. Causes of infertility in female....

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Hyperemesis Gravidarum Define hyperemesis gravidarum : It is a severe type of vomiting of pregnancy which has got deleterious effect on the health of the mother & / or incapacitates her in day to...

of Intrauterine Fetal death (IUFD / IUD)

Intrauterine Fetal death (IUFD / IUD)

Intrauterine Fetal death (IUFD / IUD) Define :  Antepartum death occuring beyond 28 weeks  of pregnancy is termed as intrauterine death (IUD). We have described in article : Causes of Intrauterine Fetal death (IUFD...

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Define Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) :  When birth weight of the baby is below the tenth percentile of the average for the gestational age, is called intrauterine growth restriction. IUGR...

Chest pain.

Chest pain

Chest pain. Definition:  Chest pain is a common presentation of cardiac disease, but can also be a manifestation of anxiety or disease of the lungs, the musculoskeletal or gastrointestinal system. We have describe in...

Uterine Prolapse.

Uterine Prolapse.

Uterine Prolapse Genital prolapse : Define :  Descent of the pelvic organs from its normal position in the pelvis through the vagina is known as genital prolapse Types of genital prolapse :  Uterine prolapse...

Abruptio Placenta.

Abruptio Placentae

Abruptio Placenta Define Abruptio Placenta : It is one from of antepartum hemorrhage where the bleeding occurs due to pre – mature separation of normally situated placenta. We have described in article : Causes...

missed abortion

Missed Abortion.

MIssed Abortion Define Missed abortion : When foetus is dead and retained inside the uterus for a viable period, It is called missed abortion or silent miscarriage or early fetal demise. We have described...

contraceptive

Describe Contraceptive (Birth control)

Contraceptive Define contraceptive : The contraceptives are the measures either temporary or permanent designed to prevent pregnancy. We have described : Ideal contraceptive. Contraceptive method Barrier methods of contraceptive. Describe condom Classify hormonal contraceptive...

Menorrhagia

Menorrhagia (excessive bleeding).

Menorrhagia Define menorrhagia :  Menorrhagia is a cyclical bleeding at normal level which is excessive in amount or duration. We have described : Causes of menorrhagia Management of menorrhagia Examination of menorrhagia Investigation of...

birth control for amenorrhea

Amenorrhea (birth control for amenorrhea)

Amenorrhea Define Amenorrhea :   Amenorrhea means absence of menstruation . It is a symptoms, not a disease. We are includes in this blog : Classify amenorrhea: Cause of primary amenorrhea General Advice of amenorrhea...

Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea (painful period)

Dysmenorrhea Define dysmenorrhoea :   Painful menstruation of sufficient magnitude which incapacitate day to day activities is called dysmenorrhoea. We are includes in the blog : Common cause of dysmenorrhea Primary dysmenorrhea Secondary dysmenorrhoea Investigation...

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis Define : Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease  caused by small organism called trichomonas vaginalis. We have described : Management of Tichomonas vagintis Symptoms of Tichomonas vagintis Investigation of Tichomonas vagintis Treatment of...

Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF)

Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF)

Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) Define Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) : Abnormal communication between the bladder and the vagina and the urine escapes into the vagina causing true incontinence is called vesico- vaginal fistula. We have described...

Describe Diabetic Diet

Describe Diabetic Diet

A diabetic diet is a diet that is used to help control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. The diet is usually high in fiber, low in fat and calories, and includes foods...

Syphilis

Syphilis (chronic systemic infectious disease).

Syphilis Define syphilis : Syphilis is a chronic systemic infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum, usually transmitted by close sexual contact. We have described : Classification of Syphilis Clinical features of Syphilis Treatment of...

Gonorrhoea

Gonorrhoea (communicable venereal disease).

Gonorrhoea Define Gonorrhoea : It is an infectious and communicable venereal disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoea characterized by burning sensation in the genitalia, painful micturition. Purulent discharge per vagina in female. We have describe...

Sexual Disease

Sexual Disease

Sexual Transmitted Disease Define Sexual transmitted disease : The sexual transmitted disease are a group of communicable disease caused by a wide range of bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal infection transfrerred predominantly through sexual...

The Ovary.

The Ovary.

Ovary Define ovary: Ovary are 2 in numbers. The female gametes called oocyte are formed in them. We have described : Describe the anatomy and physiology of ovary in short. Morphology and Structure of...

The Uterus

The Uterus

Uterus Define Uterus : The uterus is a hollow pyriform muscular organ situated in the pelvis between the bladder in front and the rectum behind. We have described : .Describe the anatomy of uterus....

The Breast

The Breast

The Breast We have described in article : Introduction to the breast Breast Extension, Situation, Weight: Breast Structures Blood supply, Lymphnodes. Developmental anomalies of breast. Definition of Breast :  Define : Breast is a...

Vagina

Vagina

Vagina Define Vagina : The vagina is a fibromusculo-membranous sheath communicating the uterine cavity with the exterior at the vulva. We have described: Anatomy of Vagina Blood supply of Vagina Nerve supply of Vagina...

Ectopic Pregnancy

Ectopic Pregnancy.

Ectopic Pregnancy Define Ectopic Pregnancy : It may be defined as when implantation of the fertilized ovum occurs at any site others than the normal uterine cavity. We have described: What are the type...

Urinary-Tract-Infection-UTI

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI).

Urinary tract infection (UTI) Define Urinary tract infection (UTI):  A urinary-tract-Infection-(UTI) is an infection in any part of your urinary system Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra. We have described : UTI in Female and...